The attack on a controversial aid group highlights the challenge for the U.S. and Israel to remake Gaza without Hamas

Tensions between the two foes also broke into direct conflict last year, with Iran firing hundreds of missiles and drones in its first ever direct attack on Israel in April 2024, in retaliation for an attack on its embassy compound in Damascus, which killed several senior Iranian military commanders.

The attack comes after decades of mutual hostility and a long-running shadow war of covert strikes and sabotage.

Iran announced it had launched some 100 missiles and vowed further retaliation for Israel’s sweeping attacks on its infrastructure, which have killed 224 so far.